A pet breed is created from a narrow gene pool, which can result in repeated health issues that become difficult to eradicate over time. Any pet can develop health problems, but certain breeds suffer from specific conditions. Understanding common breed-related health problems can help purebred pet owners take preventive measures and seek early treatment. Hundreds of breed-related issues occur, but we list some of the few that our Central Kentucky Veterinary Center team sees regularly. 

1. Hip dysplasia in pets

Hip dysplasia is a genetic hip joint deformity that causes laxity and abnormal movement. Predisposed breeds include German shepherds, golden retrievers, and Great Danes. Over time, affected pets develop arthritis and may need surgery. Although pets are born with hip dysplasia, signs may not appear until later in life, unless the condition is severe. Limping, difficulty rising, and a “bunny-hopping” gait are telltale signs. When diagnosed early via screening X-rays, pet owners can implement joint-protective measures, including weight management, exercise, and joint health supplements.

2. Brachycephalic syndrome in pets

Brachycephalic syndrome is a collection of disorders that afflicts short-nosed breeds. Narrow airways and excess palate or laryngeal tissues in brachycephalic pets cause breathing difficulties, as well as eye ulcers, skin fold infections, and joint dysfunction. Weight management is crucial for these breeds, and some pets may require corrective airway surgery.

3. Patellar luxation in dogs

Patellar luxation is a common problem in small- and toy-breed dogs where the kneecap slides out of its normal position. Pets with this condition intermittently limp or skip when the kneecap slides out and then pops back into place. Most pets do not experience significant pain, although severely affected pets may require corrective surgery.

4. Heart disease in pets

Several dog and cat breeds are predisposed to serious heart conditions, including mitral valve disease and cardiomyopathies. Many heart diseases are diagnosed after the veterinary team detects a heart murmur and orders additional tests. Signs are seen later in the disease and include coughing, exercise intolerance, or syncope (i.e., fainting). Most heart diseases can be managed for months to years with medications.

5. Eye disorders in pets

The majority of eye disorders are thought to be genetic and occur in specific breeds. Cataracts, retinal degeneration, glaucoma, keratitis, and eyelid abnormalities are some possible breed-related eye disorders. Treatments vary depending on the specific disorder but may include surgery or life-long medical therapies under the care of a veterinary ophthalmologist.

6. Intervertebral disc disease in dogs

Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) occurs in dogs when the cushioning discs between the vertebrae deteriorate and push into the spinal cord. Minor compression causes pain, while severe compression causes paralysis and requires emergency surgery. IVDD is most common in short-legged, long-backed dog breeds, but can occur in any dog. Owners of predisposed dogs should not allow their pets to jump or use stairs excessively.  

7. Allergies in pets

Allergies are common in all dogs but seem more likely to affect certain breeds such as shar peis, Labrador retrievers, and French bulldogs. Allergies cause itching, skin inflammation, ear infections, and occasional gastrointestinal problems. Allergy management can be frustrating and often requires trial and error to avoid triggers and control symptoms. 

8. Cancer in pets

Cancer is a leading cause of death in pets and occurs in at least 50% of pets older than 10 years. While any dog or cat can develop cancer anywhere in the body, some breeds are more likely to develop specific cancers. Cancer treatments vary based on the cancer type and stage but often include chemotherapy or radiation.

Managing purebred pet health

While genetic predispositions aren’t avoidable, sourcing pets from responsible breeders can mitigate many issues. Once you own a purebred pet—or any pet for that matter—you should keep them healthy with the following:

  • Regular veterinary visits — Routine exams can catch problems early and ensure timely treatment.
  • Optimal nutrition — A diet tailored to your pet’s needs is the foundation for good health.
  • Exercise — Regular activity keeps your pet strong, flexible, and trim.
  • Weight control — Maintaining an optimal weight can reduce stress on joints and the respiratory system.
  • Screening tests — Genetic or other screening tests can identify certain breed-related diseases, such as hip dysplasia or progressive retinal atrophy, before they become symptomatic.

Understanding genetic and breed-related health issues can help you proactively manage your furry pal’s well-being. Always consult our Central Kentucky Veterinary Center team for specific advice tailored to your pet’s needs. Contact us to schedule a visit or to learn more about potential breed-related health issues that may affect your pet.